haaa....asek2 ngan test kan..kjap lagi nk test subjek power distribution plak..pukol 8 ouh..kalau aku tdo skang gamaknye bgn2 dh pukol 12..haha..so aku rse aku stay up smpai test kjap lagi aa kot..so far x ngantuk lagi n aku x minum nescafe pon..cume cuci muke n mandi kjap td sbb rse panas.hehe
honestly aku pon xtahu nk tulis ape kat blog nih ..nk jdkan mcm org lain yg gempak2 mmg aku xreti lah..ayat cenggini je la yg aku buleyh karang...haha..tp aku ok je mcm ni...korg pon yg mmbace nih okay je kan?
kalau ade yg nk kate x okay....WAKLU LAH~!!!...hahahaha....gurau2 aje ;)
aku xtahu knape..tp sleeping cycle aku skarang dah semakin tunggang langgang
aiiguu~
siang x leh nk study sgt sbb sgt2 mengantuk...sepatutnye lpas klas take a nap la kjap kan sblom study balik.. masalahnye skarang aku bukan take a nap, tp aku mcm take a night dah pon...hahaha...bangun2 tuh mmg rase best la sbb tdo puas..tp dah rugi la aku nye time utk study.bnyk lagi yg x cover utk test mendatang kali nih.
next test aku ialah:
Power Distribution Engineering
BN tingkat 4
8 a.m.
lepas abih test baru fokus btol2 untuk siapkan assignment HVT yg x siap2 lagi..
haa...pandai2 la ye korg dapatkan game ni ek. simple je game nih tp sangat lah addicted.hahahaha
tp jgn la main time korang tgh busy tau...sbb game ni melekakan~!
*ade ke game yg x melekakan? hahaha!!!*
aku dah main dgn lekanya game nih sem lepas. Time tu aku sebilik dgn "Abe Mimi".
haaa..mmg die ni la yang hasut aku main jugak game nih..hahaha
pastu ni saje je nk post kat blog, sbb aku rase klaka.td pg aku g klas POM, mcm biase lah, nk kate excited tu xlah jugak nk kate mls tu pon x jugak, even smlm baru test kan,slalunye org mls g klas, tp kali ni aku tetibe jadi budak baik xnk ponteng klas..haha..obviously mmg rmai yg x dtg td, so point di cni juz nk bgtau yg aku dah jd budak yg baik skarang..heee~ *~~blushing~~*
eyh melalut plak, haaaa...dh dekat nk abih klas tu, tym tu aku pon mmg dah mcm laloq dah sbb mcm ngantuk dlm klas, patsu aku baru sedar kat meja tu ade org lukis gamba kartun yg sgt familiar...then aku senyum sorg2 n amik gamba..hahahhaa tgk la gamba bawh tuh..haha
ntah sape la yg lukis tu~
a
ni original punye
ni yg ade atas meja dlm klas tuh..hehe...klaka duh
btw ini je yg nk dipost kat blog kali nih..saje suke2..nk study ptg2 nih dah xleh masuk dah, yg buleyh masuk skang juz makanan je..
haaaa aku dah bli nasik beriyani ayam roasted...peghhh...nyum2~!!!
ok la..tu je utk kali ni
esok aku ade test lagi..test high voltage technology (HVT)
I read the Distribution Planning Guideline Handbook. One of the topic is about MV Network Configuration. The MV Distribution Network in TNB operates at voltages of 6.6, 11, 22 and 33 kV and interlinks the transmission system and the LV distribution system.
TYPE OF NETWORK CONFIGURATION There are three basic network configurations that are commonly in use are; (a) the radial circuit, (b) the mesh circuit, and (c) the loop circuit.
Performance of some common network configuration with respect to several different sets of characteristics as listed below:- • Construction characteristic • Operation characteristic • Maintenance characteristic
The salient features of the various network configurations under consideration are as follows:- • Radial circuit • Mesh circuit • Loop circuit from same ppu/pmu • Loop circuit from different ppu/pmu • Loop via switching station (n+1 grouping) • Petal configuration • Bulk supply interconnector configuration
Today, my focus suggested by my supervisor is the Petal Configuration. • The “petal configuration” is one method to improve reliability and security of supply. • The “petal configuration is developed by interconnecting a loop circuit form one PPU/PMU to a loop circuit from another PPU/PMU via a switching station or the bus-section of a normal substation. • Individual cable loops are operated in a “close loop” arrangement with 50% loading level. • All circuit breaker substations are installed with unit protection for cable and SCADA supervisory system for remote switching • An off-point is maintained at the switching station or bus-section.
The main advantages of this network configuration are:- • No supply interruption due to single cable fault outage • Full feedback even if one of the PPU/PMU outage • SCADA system to detect cable fault and perform remote switching
The disadvantage of this network configuration is:- • the inherent high cost of installing SCADA system and circuit breaker substations.
I studied about Distribution Network Master Plan (DNMP).It is part of a distribution planning cycle and process to assess the future (planning horizon: 1-3 years for 11kV and 1-5 years for 33kV) distribution system conditions and identify system development options for compliance to the distribution system performance objectives or defined performance targets.
The key objectives of this annual planning exercise for distribution system planners are:
1)To provide fact-based assessment of network performance (existing and future years within planning horizon).
2)To review system performance objectives/targets.
3)To review TNB Distribution planning and development strategies, policies if necessary.
4)To develop & test network solutions in meeting system performance objectives.
5)To identify and select best network development options.
6)To identify medium-term system development and reinforcement CAPEX for a supply zone and state.
Overall, the system planning process and preparation of a master plan undertaken in
DNMP would provide a comprehensive analysis and documentation of the current and future system performance status as well as the investment required to meet the targeted system performance objectives.
The DNMP will encompass the following tasks and analyses for a supply zone:
1)Network modeling of all subsystems (33kV)
2)Load scaling based on disaggregated demand forecast.
3)Load flow, security and contingency analyses.
4)Short circuit analysis.
5)Determination of target networks founded on best network solutions.
6)Recommendation of network expansion and reinforcement projects.
7)Preparation of summary report.
DNMP Methodology
The methodology or approach adopted for 33kV DNMP is as outlined in Appendix 1. A brief overview of the methodology and tasks undertaken in this planning exercise is shown in the flow-chart below.
Today I revised the next topic after Load Disaggregation which is Sub-Transmission Capacity Planning (STCP)
Objective
Represents the finding and recommendations on PMU Plant-up requirements for the supply zone (SZ) up to the planning horizon for certain year.
Scope
STCP encompasses the following:
1) Capacity / demand balance analysis of sub-transmission capacity under n-1 firm capacity and group firm operational criteria.
2)Performance analysis of sub-transmission level and distribution network within the supply zone in terms of loading levels under normal and contingency, load transferability and security level.
3)Summary of distribution development option related to sub-transmission capacity utilization within supply area.
The objectives of load disaggregation viewed from the perspective of distribution planners are as follows:
1)The information and data will form the basis for transmission capacity planning and development.
2)The data will equally provide the initial data for medium term distribution system reinforcement planning and system operational study – in terms of constraints, limitations and opportunities.
3)The data will also serve as the basis to determine on distribution main-intake (PPU) planning to transmit transmission intakes’ 22kV capacity to satisfy localized developments needs.
The result of the load disaggregation will greatly indicates the pace of transmission as well as distribution system development initiatives in the next 15 years. As such, some recommendations or proposals are therefore summarized at the end of the report as necessitated by the prevailing growth scenario ad other objectives in system development. that's all for the day bye~
Today, I have reviewed about TNB Distribution 33kV planning cycle and I put my focus on load forecast. The load forecast is used as a means of predicting future electricity demands or sales growth based on historical data.
The future electricity demand information derived will assist system planners in proposing new equipment and facilities as well as reinforcing and upgrading the existing system to meet the increasing demand.
Accurate, reliable, and defendable forecast will help planners in making prudent investment decision for system expansion, reinforcement and new plant-up.
The forecast horizon has been defined in accordance to the upcoming Malaysian Distribution code:
Short term 1-2 years
Medium term3-5 years
Long term 6-10 years
Short term forecast is useful for operational planning and capital budgeting as well as for material procurement planning requirements.
PPU plant-up proposal and distribution network planning will use short-to-medium term forecast.
Alternatively, sub-transmission capacity planning or PMU planning will utilizes medium-term forecast.
A long term forecast are strategic in nature and being used to provide inputs and lead time for generation plants ups, substation sites and the associated way leave identification and acquisition.
Since everybody in the department were too busy this week and some of them were sent to ILSAS for a course,especially Kak Ina, then in order to fill the free time with some beneficial stuffs. Soo, I have to go through electricity supply application handbook given by kak ina before she left to ILSAS and I became more understand about TNB’s core activities which are in generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity which are being handled by its subsidiaries which are TNB Generation Sdn Bhd, TNB transmission Network Sdn Bhd, and TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd
As I am doing my internship in TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd, I can tell that TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd divides its core activities into three main areas which are Customer service (CS), Network Service (NS), Support service (SS).
Each area has their respective functions in order to pertaining application for supply, providing electricity to customer upgrading of services and others.
Today, I went to NERCC (North Eastern Regional Control Centre). I have learnt how to take load reading which is used for load forecast planning. Load reading is a monthly event and it is useful to predict expenses in the future by taking the load reading for each place in the north and eastern. NERCC is placed in the TNB building level 5 in Seberang Prai, Pulau Pinang.
NERCC acts as switching control centre. It controls all the switching of the PPU and PMU (33kV and 11kV). The technician talked about SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system it to us. They said, “SCADA ni bertujuan memastikan bekalan elektrik ke Wilayah Ekonomi Koridor Utara (NCER) dan Wilayah Ekonomi Pantai Timur (ECER) mencukupi untuk menampung kepesatan aktiviti ekonomi di kawasan berkenaan. Contohnya, system ni dapat mengesan sebarang kerosakan atau masalah berkaitan bekalan elektrik bagi kawasan terbabit dan tindakan memulihkan bekalan akan dilakukan dalam jangkamasa yang cepat. Kalau ada kerosakan kecil, TNB boleh mengambil tindakan awal untuk memulihkan keadaan bagi mengelakkan kerosakan menjadi lebih buruk.”
Pulau Pinang became the second RCC (Regional Control Centre) in Malaysia after Bangsar in Port Klang. Other than that, MSRCC (Metro South Regional Control Centre) in Bangsar distribute the electricity supply to the south and western part of Malaysia.
In the PMU and PPU, there is RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). All the value measured and the data of the load is connected to it and the data will be sent through transducer in the RTU to RCC.
We can get the idea by finding the value from the load reading. the method of reading the value ca become tedious if the value given is not specifiedwhether it is in the morning or night. So, we need to do a comparison at specified time throughout the month.
Then we went back home. We finally reached at the company at 6.10 pm. So from the punch card, it’s looked like we did an overtime work with “no salary”.
I came early today to my office early than the previous day...at 7.55 am. Since everybody is still busy with their own work, so I write something about yesterday’s progress in my logbook. Then Mr Paudzi briefly explained to us about Power Quality. This subject is very important and essential in working in TNB. He also explained us about background, application and problem of Power Quality.
For more information, we searched about power quality from TNB's intranet connection. It was quite easy to understand because it provides us with some animation of the electricity movement.
Then he explained about a project that he is dealing with right now .
Then, after an hour, he called us again and he told us about what is the project that
